PHP - What is OOP?

OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) in PHP is a programming paradigm that uses objects and classes to organize and structure code. It's a way of designing software by modeling real-world entities as objects that have properties (variables) and methods (functions).

Key Concepts of OOP in PHP:

1. Class
   A blueprint for creating objects. It defines the structure and behavior of the object.

   class Car { public $color;

   public function drive() { echo "Driving..."; } }

2. Object
   An instance of a class.

   $myCar = new Car();

   $myCar->drive();

3. Encapsulation
   Hides the internal state of an object and only allows access through public methods.

   class BankAccount { private $balance = 0;

   public function deposit($amount) { $this->balance += $amount; } }

4. Inheritance
   Allows one class to inherit properties and methods from another.

   class Vehicle

   { public function

   start()

   { echo "Vehicle started"; } }

   class Car extends Vehicle

   { public function honk()

   { echo "Beep!"; } }

5. Polymorphism
   Allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common parent class.

   class Animal

   { public function speak()

   { echo "Animal sound"; } }

   class Dog extends Animal

   { public function speak() { echo "Bark"; } }

6. Abstraction
   Hides complex implementation details and shows only essential features.

   abstract class Shape

   { abstract public function area(); }

   class Circle extends Shape { public function area()

   { return 3.14 * 5 * 5; } }

OOP helps in creating reusable, scalable, and maintainable code.